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The The Product Introduction

Mold steel can be divided into (cold work die steel), (hot die steel) and (plastic mold steel) 3 categories for forging, stamping, cutting, die casting and so on. As a result of various molds use different working conditions are complex, so the mold steel, according to the mold manufacturing conditions, should have a high hardness, strength, wear resistance, adequate toughness, and high hardenability, quenching Hard and other process performance. Because of this different use, working conditions are complex, so the performance requirements for the mold steel is also different.
Cold molds include cold stamping, drawing die, drawing die, embossing mold, threading mold, rolling plate, cold heading die and cold extrusion die. Cold work die with steel, according to its work with the production conditions, should have a high hardness, strength, wear resistance, adequate toughness, and high hardenability, hardenability and other process performance. For the purpose of this type of alloy tool steel is generally high carbon alloy steel, carbon mass fraction of 0.80% or more, chromium is an important alloy of such steel elements, the mass fraction is usually not more than 5%. But for some high wear resistance requirements, quenching deformation of a small mold steel, the highest chromium mass fraction of up to 13%, and in order to form a large number of carbides, steel carbon mass fraction is also high, up to 2.0% 2.3%. Cold work die steel carbon content is high, most of its organization is hypereutectoid steel or lignite steel. Commonly used steel are high carbon low alloy steel, high carbon high chrome steel, chrome molybdenum steel, medium carbon chrome tungsten steel and so on.
Hot die is divided into hammer forging, die forging, extrusion and die casting several major types, including hot forging die, press forging die, stamping die, hot extrusion die and metal die casting mold. Hot deformation of the mold in addition to work to withstand the huge mechanical stress, but also to withstand the repeated use of heat and cooling, and cause a lot of thermal stress. In addition to high hardness, strength, red hardness, wear resistance and toughness, hot work die steel should also have good high temperature strength, thermal fatigue stability, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, in addition to a higher Hardenability to ensure that the entire cutting of the same mechanical properties. For die-casting mold steel, but also with the surface layer by repeated heating and cooling does not produce cracks, and withstand the impact of liquid metal flow and erosion performance. This type of steel is generally of medium carbon alloy steel, carbon mass fraction of 0.30% to 0.60%, belonging to hypoeutectoid steel, also part of the steel by adding more alloying elements (such as tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, etc.) and become eutectoid or Eutectoid steel. Commonly used steel are chromium manganese steel, chrome nickel steel, chrome tungsten steel and so on.
Plastic molds include thermoplastics molds and thermosetting plastic molds. Plastic mold steel with a certain strength, hardness, wear resistance, thermal stability and corrosion resistance and other properties. In addition, it also requires a good process, such as heat treatment smaller, good processing performance, good corrosion resistance, grinding and polishing performance, good welding performance, high roughness, good thermal conductivity and working conditions, size and shape stability The Under normal circumstances, injection molding or extrusion molding die can be used hot work die steel; thermosetting forming and demanding high wear resistance, high strength mold can choose cold work die steel.
Classification of die steel
2.1 cold work die steel
2.1.1 high carbon low alloy cold work die steel
9SiCr, 9CrWMn, CrWMn, Cr2, 9Cr2Mo, 7CrSiMnMoV, 8Cr2MnWMoVS, Cr2Mn2SiWMoV
2.1.2 anti-wear cold work die steel
6Cr4W3Mo2VNb, 6W6Mo5Cr4V, 7Cr7Mo3V2Si, Cr4W2MoV, Cr5Mo1V, Cr6WV, Cr12, Cr12MoV, Cr12W, Cr12Mo1V1
2.1.3 impact resistance cold work die steel
4CrW2Si, 5CrW2Si, 6CrW2Si
2.1.4 cold work die carbon tool steel
T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12
2.1.5 high-speed steel for cold molds
W6Mo5Cr4V2, W12Mo3Cr4V3N, W18Cr4V, W9Mo3Cr4V
2.1.6 non-magnetic mold steel
7Mn15Cr2Ae3V2Wmo, 1Cr18Ni9Ti
2.2 hot work die steel
2.2.1 Low heat resistance hot work die steel
5CrMnMo, 5CrNiMo, 4CrMnSiMoV, 5Cr2NiMoVSi
2.2.2 Heat-resistant hot work die steel
4Cr5MoSiV, 4Cr5MoSiV1,4Cr5W2VSi, 8Cr3
2.2.3 High heat resistance hot work die steel
3Cr2W8V, 3Cr3Mo3W2V, 5Cr4Mo2W2VSi, 5Cr4Mo3SiMnVAe, 5Cr4W5Mo2V, 6Cr4Mo3Ni2WV
2.3 plastic mold steel
2.3.1 Carbon Plastic Mold Steel
SM45, SM50, SM55
2.3.2 pre-hardened plastic mold steel
3Cr2Mo, 3Cr2NiMnMo, 5CrNiMnMoVSCa, 40Cr, 42CrMo, 30CrMnSiNi2A
2.3.3 carburizing plastic mold steel
20Cr, 12CrNi3A
2.3.4 aging hardening plastic mold steel
O6Ni6CrMoVTiAe, INi3Mn2CuAeMo
2.3.5 Corrosion resistant plastic mold steel
2Cr13, 4Cr13, 9Cr18, 9Cr18Mo, Cr14Mo4V, 1Cr17Ni2
Another:
In the steel plate (plate), there are many materials are included in the mold steel series: 45 (45 #, 45), P20, S45C, S50C and so on.
Mold steel process performance
Machinability
- thermal processing performance, refers to the thermoplastic, processing temperature range;
- cold processing performance, refers to cutting, grinding, polishing, drawing and other processing performance.
Most of the cold work die steel is subjected to hypereutectic steel and ternary steel, hot work and cold working performance are not very good, so must strictly control the hot and cold processing process parameters to avoid defects and waste. On the other hand, by improving the purity of steel, reduce the content of harmful impurities, improve the state of steel to improve the hot steel processing and cold processing performance, thereby reducing the mold production costs.
In order to improve the cold working performance of die steel, since the 20th century, 30 years, research to the mold steel by adding S, Pb, Ca, Te and other cutting elements or lead to die steel carbon in the graphite of the elements, the development of a variety of cutting Mold steel to further improve its cutting performance and grinding performance, reduce tool abrasive consumption, reduce costs.
Hardenability and hardenability
The hardenability depends mainly on the chemical composition of the steel and the original state before quenching; the hardenability is mainly determined by the carbon content in the steel. For most of the cold work die steel, hardenability is often one of the main considerations. For hot work die steel and plastic mold steel, the general mold size, especially the manufacture of large mold, the hardenability is more important. In order to reduce the quenching deformation, it is often possible to use a quenching medium having a low cooling capacity, such as air cooling, oil cooling or salt bath cooling, in order to obtain a desired hardness and hardened layer for various molds which are complicated in shape and are liable to generate heat treatment deformation. Depth, you need to use a better hardenability of the mold steel.
Quenching temperature and heat treatment deformation
In order to facilitate the production, require the mold steel quenching temperature range as much as possible to relax, especially when the mold with flame heating local quenching, because it is difficult to accurately measure and control the temperature, requires a wider quenching temperature range of mold steel.
In the heat treatment, especially in the quenching process, to produce volume changes, shape warping, distortion, etc., in order to ensure the quality of the mold, the requirements of the mold steel heat treatment deformation is small, especially for the complex shape of the precision molds, hardened after quenching , The degree of deformation of the heat treatment requirements are more demanding, should use micro-deformation die steel manufacturing.
Oxidation, decarburization sensitivity
Mold in the heating process, if the oxidation, decarbonization phenomenon, it will make its hardness, wear resistance, performance and service life reduced; therefore, require the mold steel oxidation, decarburization sensitivity is good. For the higher molybdenum content of the mold steel, due to oxidation, decarburization sensitive, need to use special heat treatment, such as vacuum heat treatment, controlled atmosphere heat treatment, salt bath heat treatment.
other factors
In the choice of mold steel, in addition to the use of performance and process performance must be considered, but also must consider the versatility of the mold steel and steel prices. Mold steel is generally used in small quantities, in order to facilitate the preparation, should be considered as much as possible the versatility of steel, make full use of mass production of general-purpose die steel, in order to facilitate procurement, preparation and material management. In addition, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive analysis from the economy, taking into account the manufacturing costs of the mold, the production batch of the workpiece and the cost of the molds allocated to each workpiece. From the technical, economic aspects of a comprehensive analysis to the final selection of a reasonable mold material.
Use of die steel
Processing mold used, because the use of a wide range of mold, a variety of mold working conditions vary widely, so the manufacturing mold with a wide range of materials, mold materials used in the most widely used die steel. From the like carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel, alloy structural steel, alloy tool steel, spring steel, high speed tool steel, stainless steel heat-resistant steel until the special mold needs to adapt to the martensitic aging steel and powder high speed steel, Powder high alloy die steel and so on. Die steel according to the general can be divided into cold work die steel, hot work die steel and plastic mold steel three categories.
1. Cold work die steel
Cold work die steel is mainly used in the manufacture of cold state of the workpiece under pressure molding die. Such as: cold punching die, cold stamping die, cold drawing die, embossing mold, cold extrusion die, thread pressing mold and powder pressing mold. Cold work die steel range is very wide, from a variety of carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel, high speed tool steel to powder high speed tool steel and powder high alloy die steel.
2. Hot work die steel
Hot work die steel is mainly used in the manufacture of high temperature state of the workpiece under pressure processing die. Such as: hot forging die, hot extrusion die, die-casting mold, hot forging die, and so on. Commonly used hot work die steel: high carbon content of the addition of Cr, W, Mo, V alloy elements such as alloy die steel; special requirements for hot work die steel, sometimes made of high alloy austenitic heat-resistant mold steel The
3. Plastic mold steel
As a lot of plastic varieties, the requirements of the plastic products are also very different, the manufacture of plastic mold materials also put forward a variety of performance requirements. Therefore, many industrial developed countries have formed a wide range of plastic mold steel series. Including carbon structural steel, carburizing plastic mold steel, pre-hardened plastic mold steel, aging hardening plastic mold steel, corrosion resistant plastic mold steel, easy cutting plastic mold steel, the overall hardened plastic mold steel, martensite Aging steel and mirror polishing with plastic mold steel.
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